In recent years, internet shutdowns have evolved into a disturbing trend across Africa, with 2024 marking a record high for these incidents. According to a report by Access Now and #KeepItOn, a coalition of civil society organizations, internet shutdowns often serve as tools for governments to control the flow of information and restrict citizens’ access to digital communication channels during times of conflict, protests, and political instability. The report documents 21 shutdowns in 15 African countries, surpassing the preceding records from 2020 and 2021.
The Rising Trend of Digital Blackouts
The report highlights a worrying normalization of internet shutdowns, with repeat offenders including countries like Burundi, Ethiopia, and Kenya. Such shutdowns have been initiated not only by state authorities but also by non-state actors such as militias, further complicating the already challenging digital landscape in these regions. Telecommunication and internet service providers often comply with governmental directives, facing criticism for perpetuating these human rights violations, as emphasized by Felicia Anthonio, a campaign manager at Access Now.
Shutdowns are frequently triggered by political crises, protests, or tensions related to elections. This tactic has come to be described as the “weaponization” of digital access, reflecting a global surge in internet suppression, with 296 shutdowns recorded across 54 countries in 2024 alone.
Long-term Shutdowns and International Response
Several African nations have experienced particularly lengthy shutdowns, with some lasting over a year by the end of 2024. For instance, Meta’s social platform faced restrictions in Uganda, and parts of Equatorial Guinea suffered total service interruptions following environmental protests.
Despite a resolution passed by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) in March 2024 urging governments to halt these shutdowns, the trend continues. However, there is a glimmer of progress as some countries, such as Mauritius and South Sudan, have shown willingness to reverse shutdown orders, indicating that international pressure and advocacy can yield positive results.
Key Takeaways
The escalation of internet shutdowns across Africa presents a deeply concerning trend with significant implications for human rights, democratic processes, and public access to information. These measures are often employed to suppress dissent during politically sensitive periods. While there is some progress in combating this practice, continued international collaboration and stronger policy frameworks are vital to safeguarding digital rights. With internet shutdowns becoming increasingly widespread globally, the urgency to establish and enforce robust protections for internet access has never been more critical.